![]() ![]() This international market is referred to as “unregulated” because it is subject to no government endorsement process and its activities are not recorded as part of official greenhouse gas reduction goals. The cancelation of six agreements between one of the largest Brazilian businesses in this field and Indigenous and traditional populations who hold usage rights or concessions to public lands reflects the uncertainties surrounding expansion of the so-called voluntary carbon market in Brazil. In mid-May, Carbonext directors told SUMAÚMA they had dissolved or were in the process of dissolving contracts not only with the Kayapó but also with associations from four other Indigenous territories in states of the Amazon and from marine extractive reserves in northern Pará. ![]() Under a 2012 decree, PGTAs are mandatory for all Indigenous territories in Brazil, but the dismantling of support structures for Indigenous peoples under the previous far-right presidency of Jair Bolsonaro has delayed implementation of this public policy. In early May, Martins reported that Carbonext had agreed to dissolve the contract until the consultation protocols and Plans for Territorial and Environmental Management of Indigenous Lands (PGTAs) had been drawn up for the Kayapó territory. Although he concluded that “in principle” the contract contained no illegalities, he was skeptical about the “true obtention of any free, prior, and informed consent” from the roughly 4,500 residents of Kayapó territory, a procedure defined both in Convention 169 of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and in Brazilian legislation. These negotiations prompted Rafael Martins da Silva, a prosecutor with the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office in Redenção, Pará, to open out-of-court proceedings to investigate the matter. Like the Munduruku, some Kayapó leaders are involved in illicit mining. The Kayapó, along with the Munduruku and Yanomami, are among the Indigenous peoples hardest hit by criminal mining, according to a 2022 study by the research network MapBiomas. Indigenous leaders who wanted more time to analyze the proposal were pressured by the majority, who argued the contract presented an opportunity to obtain funds and move away from the illegal mining activities that divide the group. On January 21 and 22 during the meeting in Bannach, attended by the caciques of almost all of the more than seventy villages in Kayapó land, they had discussed advanced sales of credits to support the Indigenous territory financially while the carbon project was being drafted and certified-a process that can take up to three years. But four months later, in May, Carbonext dissolved the contract. The contract was signed the following month during a meeting held in Kriny village, in the municipality of Bannach. During the meetings, the company’s executives proposed a partnership agreement that would give the firm exclusive rights, for at least thirty years, to manage the carbon captured by plants over a territory of some 3.28 million hectares, an area the size of Belgium and twenty-one times bigger than the city of São Paulo. In December 2022, thirty of them, representing the territory’s seven associations, spent three days in São Paulo at the invitation of Carbonext, which develops carbon credit projects and trades credits derived from forest conservation. It was an enticing offer: Millions of Brazilian reais for doing what they already do for no pay-caring for the Amazon rainforest.- Little wonder that many community leaders in the Kayapó Indigenous Territory in southern Pará state were interested. ![]()
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